Stealing from Each Other: How the Welfare State Robs Americans of Money and Spirit
Author: Edgar K Browning
Almost all Americans would be better off if none of the federal welfare-state policies of the last century--including Social Security--had ever been enacted. So argues economist Edgar Browning, and with good reason: In 1900, government played a very small role in the day-to-day activities of American citizens. There was no income tax. No Social Security. No federal welfare programs. No minimum wage laws. No federal involvement in education. Government was small, spending well under 10 percent of our incomes. But now, federal, state, and local governments spend more than 33 percent of our incomes. Why has government grown so much over the past century? The answer, in Browning's devastating critique of the modern welfare state, is simple: the rise of egalitarian ideology--an ideology that has not just harmed the economy but made us all poorer. This book examines all facets of the welfare state in the U.S. and its egalitarian underpinnings. Egalitarians claim, for instance, that markets are unfair and that we must have redistributive policies to produce "social justice." This reasoning supposedly justifies the two-thirds of federal spending that simply robs Peter to pay Paul. We are stealing from each other. Browning's research and trenchant analysis show that: -Almost all U.S. citizens are harmed by the welfare state--even many of its apparent beneficiaries. -Welfare-state policies have large hidden costs which all told have reduced the average income of Americans by about 25 percent. -There is much less inequality and poverty than is commonly believed. -Most taxpayers will receive less back from Social Security than they put in. Provocative? Indeed. But such conclusionsresult from the most thoroughgoing economic analysis of the modern welfare state yet written. Written for a general audience, Stealing from Each Other covers everything informed citizens need to know about inequality, poverty, welfare, Social Security, taxation, and the true costs of government redistributive policies.
Table of Contents:
1 Egalitarianism and the Market 1
2 Inequality 19
3 Group Inequalities 37
4 Incomes around the World 55
5 Poverty 73
6 Our Trillion Dollar Welfare System 89
7 Social Security and Medicare 107
8 More Transfers 129
9 Taxation 147
10 The (Many) Costs of Transfers 169
11 Just Say No 187
Notes 199
Index 219
Book about: Introduzione a sanit� pubblica
Great Catherine
Author: Carolly Erickson
From the moment the fourteen-year-old Princess Sophia of Anhalt-Zerbst agreed to marry the heir to the Russian throne, she was mired in a quicksand of intrigue. Precociously intelligent, self-confident, and attractive but with a stubborn, wayward streak, Sophia withstood a degree of emotional battering that would have broken a weaker spirit until at last she emerged, triumphant over her many enemies, as Empress Catherine II of Russia.
Her achievements as empress were prodigious. She brought vast new lands under Russian rule. She raised the prestige of Russia in Europe. She began the process of imposing legal and political order on the chaos she inherited from her predecessors. Yet few historical figures have been so enthusiastically vilified as Catherine the Great. Whispers that she had ordered her husband's murder grew to murmurs that she was an immoral woman and finally to shouts that she was a depraved, lust-crazed nymphomaniac. With deft mastery of historical narrative and an unsurpassed ability to make the past live again, Carolly Erickson uncovers the real woman behind the tarnished image—an indomitable, feisty, often visionary ruler who, in an age of caveats and constraints, blithely went her own way.
Great Catherine reveals the complexities of this great ruler's nature, her craving for love, her insecurities, the inevitable sorrows and disappointments of a strong empress who dared not share her power with any man yet longed to be led and guided by a loving consort. Great Catherine is a fresh portrait of an infamous historical figure, one that reveals how Catherine's flawed triumph guaranteed her posthumous fame and enhanced the might andrenown of Russia for generations to come.
Publishers Weekly
To her critics, Catherine the Great (1729-96), Empress of Russia, was an imperialist who eradicated Polish sovereignty and waged financially draining wars, an absolutist ruler who brought back the defunct secret police, an insatiable sexual adventuress and a possible accomplice in the murder of her husband Peter III. Historian and biographer Erickson ( Blood Mary ), in this sympathetic, vibrant portrait, presents a shrewd, headstrong, cultivated woman, a political reformer and supporter of education and the arts, who codified laws, built schools and asserted her independece in a land where women had low status. Born Sophie Augusta Fredericka, princess of a tiny German state, Catherine (the baptismal name she took upon joining the Russian Orthodox Church) rightly feared her tyrannical, drunken husband who wanted to dethrone her and replace her with his mistress. Catherine's menage a trois with Gregory Potemkin, her chief deputy, and her young Polish secretary, Peter Zavadovsky, elicited an avalanche of censure and gossip. Drawing on Catherine's memoirs and letters, Erickson has fashioned an engrossing, astonishingly vivid, if not always convincing portrait. (June)
Library Journal
Sophie Augusta Fredericka, an obscure German princess from Anhalt-Zerbst, married the heir to the Russian Empire and ended up ruling by herself for 34 years. Before she seized power, she survived the treacherous Russian court by her wits, diligently using her time to study the Russian language and the works of Voltaire, Montesquieu, Tacitus, and Diderot. Erickson (To the Scaffold: The Life of Marie Antoinette, LJ 3/1/91) has painted a fascinating picture of an extraordinary woman. Intellectually, Catherine wanted to be an enlightened, Western-style ruler; her subjects turned her into a benevolent despot. She drafted an impressive code of laws, reformed and reorganized the government of her vast empire, and generally improved the economic conditions of her people. She took an important, often belligerent role in foreign relations and was notorious for her liaisons with various men of her court. This sympathetic but balanced and detailed account is based in part on several autobiographies that the empress herself wrote. Recommended for most collections.-Katharine Galloway Garstka, Intergraph Corp., Huntsville, Ala.
School Library Journal
YA-When the German Princess Sophia journeyed to the Russian court of Empress Elizabeth, the shy young woman could not have believed that she would transform herself into the powerful Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia. Clever, witty, and deeply devoted to her adopted country, Catherine would work to turn Russia toward the West by focusing on European life, customs, culture, and the arts. After being married to the weak, demented Grand Duke Peter, she suffered from constant abuse and intrigue at his hands, but she never let him destroy her courageous spirit and determination. While many biographers of this fascinating ruler have focused on Catherine's love life and the extravagances of the Russian court, Erickson has chosen to relate Catherine's story by emphasizing her ambition to govern wisely. The strong narrative moves along at a brisk pace without stinting on the vivid details that bring the court of 18th-century Imperial Russia into sharp focus. The author captures the intellectual and social milieu as well as the brilliant, often opulent lifestyle of Empress Catherine II. An accessible and engaging introduction to a great ruler and the country she sought to enlighten.-Mary T. Gerrity, Queen Anne School Library, Upper Marlboro, MD
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